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IO Group

The research team, headed by Prof. Inger Odnevall, consists of dedicated senior scientists, PhD-students and master students at the Division of Surface and Corrosion Science at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.

Research questions

The research team performs fundamental and applied multianalytical and highly interdisciplinary studies on metals and alloys (as massive sheet and as particles, both nano- and micron-sized) to assess corrosion and surface phenomena and mechanisms, and their relation to metal dispersion, bioaccessibility, bioavailability, metal speciation, environmental fate and aquatic and human toxicity.

All research activities have strong connections to industrial and societal aspects. Research activities are performed in close collaboration with international and national industry and metal associations, and academic partners representing varying research disciplines including ecotoxicology, soil science, surface and colloid chemistry, aerosol science, physics, industrial ecology, materials science, dermatology, toxicology, physics, etc.

Our goal

The ultimate goal is to increase the general knowledge and understanding of the link between surface reactivity, environmental and pollutant conditions, material properties and environmental fate and health aspects of metal dispersion from metals and alloys used in a large variety of applications ranging from external buildings and applications, to food related utensils and surfaces, to implant materials and to metallic nanoparticles in consumer products.

The research team performs world-leading studies on atmospheric corrosion and on the diffuse dispersion of metals from outdoor construction materials and their environmental fate. Another main research direction involve the characterization of surface and bulk properties of nano- and micron-sized metal particles, surface reactivity, surface-protein interactions, metal release and speciation in biological media, and their links to toxicity, as well as colloid stability and mobility and environmental fate of nanoparticles.

Research activities e.g. have strong implications for the classification system of chemicals within the European Union, REACH, as well as for environmental and health risk assessments of metals and alloys, and for sustainable use of metals in building applications worldwide. The ultimate goal is to further contribute to the development of a sustainable society, an improved health and living environment on a long term perspective, reduction of costs induced by corrosion, and the use of more environmentally friendly solutions and smart materials.

Senior scientist coordinating ongoing activities on atmospheric corrosion of copper and copper based alloys

Inger Odnevall

Professor
ingero@kth.se

Gunilla Herting

Ph.D
herting@kth.se
Want to know more about what we do?
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Our model
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Calculate your environmental impact

The model only predicts the total amount of released copper, not any risks as this require information on the chemical form of released copper.

Annual rain quantity

600 mm/year

pH

0 decades

SO2-concentration

0 µg/m3

Angle of inclination

35 degrees

Predicted runoff rate: 667.27 g/m2,year

As an example, the predicted runoff rate of 667.27 g/(m2,year) is valid for a1000m2 copper roof, this equals 1828.14 g of Cu released per day.

If the predicted amount of copper runoff reaches a river that is 0.5m deep and10m from one shore to the other with a water mass flow of0.25m/sec = 108000 m3/day, the added copper concentration from the runoff water to the river is 16.93 µg Cu/L.
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Annual rain quantity 600 mm/year
?
The annual rain quantity varies typically within the range of 400-3200 mm/year depending on geographical differences. Prevailing rain characteristics influence the runoff rate. For instance, high rain intensity usually means short contact time with the copper surface, which results in lower copper runoff and vice versa.
pH 0 decades
?
Rain pH is a measure of the rain acidity. The copper runoff increases with decreasing pH and vice versa. Rain pH is, for instance, influenced by acidifying pollutants such as H2SO4 and HNO3.
SO2- concentration 0 µg/m3
?
SO2 is a known gaseous pollutant that stimulates the corrosion of copper. The SO2-concentration is often reported in parts per billion, ppb. 1 µg/m3 = 2.64 ppb
Angle of inclination 35 degrees
?
The degree of inclination from the horizontal largely affects the runoff process. The runoff depends on the projected area onto which a given rainfall volume impinges. It should be noted that the model implies no runoff from a vertical façade (α = 90°). This may not be true at real conditions due to the effect of prevailing wind conditions (not considered in the model), construction geometry and sheltering effects.
Calculate

The total copper runoff rate is not a direct measure of any environmental effect. The bio-available fraction of copper is not the same as the total released fraction.

Input data for the model is the annual rainfall quantity in mm/year, the concentration of gaseous SO2 in µg/m3, the rain pH and the surface inclination from the horizontal in degrees. Model limitations are described below and details given in selected references.

Key references:

  • Critical review: Copper runoff from outdoor copper surfaces at atmospheric conditions, Y.S. Hedberg, J.F. Hedberg, G. Herting, S. Goidanich, I. Odnevall Wallinder, Environmental Science and Technology, 48, 1372−1381 (2014)
  • Modelling and mapping of copper runoff for Europe, I. Odnevall Wallinder, B. Bahar, C. Leygraf, J. Tidblad, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 9, 66-73 (2007)
  • Predictive models of copper runoff from external structure, I. Odnevall Wallinder, S. Bertling, X. Zhang, and C. Leygraf, Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 6, 704-712 (2004)

 

Division of Surface and Corrosion Science

KTH Royal Institute of Technology

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